The artist Charles-Albert Arnoux Bertall published a book, Les Communeux: Types, Caractères, Costumes, in 1871, which became a popular guide to the kinds of people who could be seen on the streets of Paris during the Commune. It was reprinted two more times in the following decade, demonstrating its immense popularity with a curious population who were, in many ways, denied the possibility of processing the scale of what had happened to Paris due to the Dec 28, 1871 ordinance issued by General Henri de Ladmirault, who served as the military governor of Paris under state of siege conditions following the suppression of the Paris Commune.
Under the December 28 order, the military government banned the public display, sale, and street hawking (colportage) of all photos, prints, or emblems related to the Commune on the grounds of preventing disturbances to public peace (troubler la paix publique). Commercial photography of the insurgents was effectively suppressed, and photography became strictly controlled as an administrative tool reserved for police records (bertillonage) and official anti-Commune propaganda. This law was in force until April 1876, and as it was focused on photographic depictions only, this may account for the popularity of drawings such as these.
Source: Les Communeux: Types, Caractères, Costumes at Gallica